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EC83
I'd imagine that in another few years, "beginners' DSLRs" will take the same kind of quality photos that pro DSLRs do now.
In general, they do anyway. The problem with beginners DSLRs is the lack of options. My old D40x only has 3 focussing points. My D300 has 51. If a shot you're composing falls into one of those 3 focussing points, or you have plenty of time to recompose (such as if you're shooting still life) then fine, however if you're shooting a moving object, such as a racing car or a bird or something, then those 3 focussing points are a big hindrance. The D300 also allows your focus points to change on the fly if you want it to, so if you're tracking a car, the focus points will change automatically as you pan, while on the D40x you can't do that, so you have to ensure your subject falls exactly into one of those points.
The D40x is also missing features such as a flash sync socket (so it's difficult to control studio-style flashes) and as far as I'm aware, the ability to use radio remote control (as opposed to infra-red, which needs a line of sight). It's also made of plastic, while the D300 is made of magnesium and alloys, and is apparently splashproof (something I'm unwilling to test!).
In general, the D300, and all higher end cameras, improve in every area* as you pay more, but for the majority of subjects, the lower end cameras will do nearly as good a job as the higher ones.
The one exception is low light use. No matter how much the budget cameras improve, no manufacturer would allow their cheaper cameras to even get close to their more expensive models. That goes for features too. Budget cameras will remain budget cameras. In terms of megapixels and low light ability, they will overtake the current top end in the next 5-10 years, but for everything else, they'll still be budget cameras with all the drawbacks that the pricetag carries. If however you aren't affected by the drawbacks, then they're just as good a choice for a heck of a lot less.
* other than weight, which isn't necessarily a drawback, as a heavier camera can feel better balanced in your hand, but you wouldn't want that extra weight if you were hill climbing.