I just use about any language. Depends which is best for the job. My favs are C#,C++,VB,Delphi. Don't like Java too much, it's too messy.
If you say you are good with Java, then you shouldn't have too much trouble with other modern generation languages though.
I don't know anything about your requirements, but I'd stay away from Python or Java.
Some suggestions:
Try one of the express editions of visual studio (.net dependency if your are not paying attention)
For simple patching you could use any C compiler. I like LCC for those things
To write something in Delphi give Lazarus a try. It's maturing rapidly. (could also be used to do patching, but more overhead)
I'd rather have a bottle in front of me than a frontal lobotomy